Cohen's Kappa measures agreement between two raters, correcting for chance agreement.
κ > 0.8: almost perfect agreement. 0.6–0.8: substantial. 0.4–0.6: moderate.
This calculator is appropriate for any analysis that will be presented, reported, or used to make decisions. Accurate statistical metrics are the foundation of valid conclusions.
Many users interpret statistical results without considering the distribution of the data. Standard deviation is most meaningful for roughly normally distributed data — in highly skewed datasets, the median and IQR are more appropriate measures of centre and spread.
A researcher reports descriptive statistics for a survey dataset of 150 responses. Standard deviation is required alongside the mean for any subsequent t-test or ANOVA — the calculator produces both the sample and population variants so the correct one can be cited in the methods section.
κ > 0.8 is excellent. 0.6–0.8 is substantial. 0.4–0.6 is moderate. Below 0.4 is poor.
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