pH measures how acidic or basic a solution is on a scale from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic).
pH = -log₁₀[H⁺]. Pure water has pH 7 (neutral). Battery acid: pH 0. Bleach: pH 13.
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A common mistake is misidentifying which formula applies to the specific version of the problem. Many everyday calculations have superficially similar variants that use different formulas — always check which scenario matches your situation.
A freelancer calculates the exact number of working days between a project start and deadline, accounting for weekends and public holidays. The result tells them whether the timeline is achievable before accepting the brief — not after.
pH = -log₁₀[H⁺], where [H⁺] is the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L.
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