APY shows the true annual return including the effect of compounding.
APY = (1 + r/n)^n − 1. The more frequent the compounding, the higher the APY.
Reach for this tool whenever a financial decision hinges on this type of calculation. Small differences in rate or term become large differences in total cost or return over multi-year horizons — differences that only become visible when you run the actual numbers.
A frequent error is using annual rates where monthly rates are required (or vice versa). Simply dividing an annual rate by 12 is only an approximation — the correct conversion for compound calculations uses the (1 + r)^(1/12) − 1 formula.
An employee receives a counter-offer from another employer: a £4,000 salary increase but no pension contribution versus the current role's lower salary with 8% employer pension. Running both through the finance calculator shows the true net financial value of each offer.
APR is the nominal rate. APY is the effective return including compounding.
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